Plastic Surgery & Cosmetic Surgery in Dallas 整形外科及整形外科在达拉斯

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) are intended to answer a lot of the most commonly asked questions that you may have about a specific procedure.常见问题（ FAQ ）旨在回答了许多最常见的问题，您可能对某一特定程序。 By dividing the sections into procedural categories, you may be able to find the answer to the question you are seeking more easily.除以节，分为程序类别，您可以找到问题的答案您正在寻求更容易。 Please remember that what you read in this section is only intended to provide you with a general answer to a question and should not be considered in any way a substitute for a personal consultation with Dr. Lam.请记住，你阅读本节仅向您提供一般性回答问题，而不应被视为任何方式代替个人协商，蓝田博士。

What types of cancer reconstruction does Dr. Lam undertake? 什么类型的癌症重建蓝田博士不进行？

Dr. Lam's specialty is reconstruction of facial defects that have arisen from skin cancer.蓝田博士的专长是重建的面部缺陷，出现了从皮肤癌。 He reconstructs foreheads, cheeks, eyelids, nose, lip, scalp, ears, and chin defects from small to very large losses of skin and deeper tissues.他重建额头，脸颊，眼皮，鼻子，嘴唇，头皮，耳朵，和下巴的缺陷，从小到非常大的损失和更深的皮肤组织。 One of the most complicated reconstructions he undertakes is full thickness and extensive loss of the nose from cancer.一个最复杂的重建，他承诺是全层和大量的鼻子癌症。 Oftentimes, this kind of loss requires multiple stage procedures to achieve the optimal reconstructive result.通常，这样的损失，需要多阶段程序，以实现最佳的重建结果。

Dr. Lam no longer reconstructs defects from head and neck cancer that arises from deeper structures like the inside of the nose, the mouth, or the throat.蓝田博士不再重建缺损的头部和颈部癌症的产生更深的结构类似的内部鼻子，嘴巴，或喉咙。 These types of reconstruction are better performed by a specialist who performs this kind of reconstruction regularly.这些类型的重建，更好地履行专家谁执行这种定期的重建。

Yes, he does.是的，他没有。 If the cancer is in a non-sensitive area like the cheek or chin, he oftentimes will remove the cancer followed by closure of the defect.如果癌症是在非敏感领域的脸颊像或下巴，他经常将删除癌症其次是封闭的缺陷。 However, extensive cancers especially those that require complicated reconstruction or are near areas that do not permit removal of a lot of surrounding tissue that would otherwise cause tissue distortion, Dr. Lam prefers to work with a MOH's surgeon who will remove the cancer followed by Dr. Lam's repair usually on the same day.然而，广泛的癌症特别是那些需要复杂的重建或附近地区，不允许拆除了很多周围组织，否则事业组织失真，蓝田博士喜欢工作，卫生部的医生谁将删除癌症其次是博士。 Lam的修复通常在同一天。

The MOH's surgeon is a specially trained dermatologist who removes the cancer step by step until all of the cancer appears to be removed.卫生部的医生是受过专门训练的皮肤科谁清除的癌症一步一步，直到所有的癌症似乎被删除。 The specialized technique that a MOH's surgeon uses permits the most tissue-sparing ability, ie, removal of the least amount of tissue while still removing all the cancer and also has been shown to decrease the incidence of cancer recurrence.专门技术，一个卫生部的医生使用许可证的组织是最节约的能力，即取消最低金额的组织同时还消除所有的癌症，也已经显示出，以减少癌症发病率的再次发生。 For these reasons, Dr. Lam will most likely offer you with most kinds of cancer the services of a MOH's surgeon.由于这些原因，蓝田博士最有可能为您提供与大多数种类的癌症的服务卫生部的外科医生。

Reconstruction is as varied as the type and presentation of cancer that you may have.重建等不同类型和癌症的介绍，您可能。 Some general principles will be outlined herein to give you an idea of how Dr. Lam approaches each part of the face一些一般性的原则将本文概述以便让您了解如何榄办法博士每一部分的脸

Before outlining each part of the face, it is important to understand the fundamental principles of good reconstructive surgery.在概述了每一部分的脸，重要的是要理解的基本原则，良好的修复手术。 First and foremost, the tissue that is used to replace the part of the face that is missing must match in color and texture otherwise the result will be very noticeable and poor.首先，组织，用来取代部分面对缺少必须符合的颜色和质地，否则结果将是非常明显的差距。 As each facial area is explored, the best type of tissue for reconstruction will be briefly presented and explored.由于每个面面积为探讨，最好的类型组织的重建将简要介绍和探讨。 Second, all incisions must be undertaken as much as possible along what are known as facial subunits, ie, where natural lines and indentations are found to avoid a line or contour change being visible after reconstruction.第二，所有切口必须尽可能沿所谓面部亚基，即自然线和缺口被发现，以避免线或轮廓明显的变化后，正在重建。 Also, the way that collagen bundles are naturally arranged on the face, the surgeon should be mindful of what are known as relaxed skin tension lines (RSTLs) discussed and shown in the illustration in the Mole Removal FAQs .此外，胶原蛋白的方式捆绑自然安排的脸，医生应注意什么被称为皮肤放松紧张线路（ RSTLs ）讨论并显示在图中的鼹鼠去除常见问题。 Third, the reconstruction must not create or worsen a contour deformity, ie, appear as a bump or depression after reconstruction.第三，重建绝不能造成或加重等高畸形，即显示为凸点或重建后抑郁症。 Finally, the areas of the face that have functional importance, eg, the eyelid, nose, and lip, must retain their functionality to the best of the surgeon's ability.最后，该地区已面临着重要的功能，如眼睑，鼻子，嘴唇，必须保留其功能，以最好的外科医生的能力。

Nose 鼻
The nose is perhaps one of the most complicated areas to reconstruct for three reasons.鼻子可能是最复杂的地区重建有三个原因。 First, the shape of the nose is a very intricate, three-dimensional structure.首先，形状的鼻子是一个非常复杂的三维结构。 Second, the nose is comprised of three layers: the skin, the framework consisting of cartilage and bone, and the mucosa inside.第二，鼻子是由三个层次：皮肤，框架组成软骨和骨骼，以及粘膜内。 Third, the nose is a respiratory organ that is in charge of air passage and humidification and warming of the airway.第三，鼻子是呼吸机关，负责来回机票及加湿和气候变暖的气道。 Dr. Lam must reconstruct any and all layers of the nose that are involved, while maintaining the functional aspect of the nose.蓝田博士必须重建的任何和所有层次的鼻子是参与，同时还保持了功能方面的鼻子。

At times to achieve the best functional and aesthetic result, you will need to have several procedures performed.有时，为了取得最佳功能和审美的结果，您将需要有几个程序进行。 If you have a minor skin defect of the nose, the best type of reconstruction is to rotate tissue from the upper part of the nose to fill the lower part of the nose or to rotate cheek tissue onto the nose for a loss along the side of the nose.如果您有轻微的皮肤缺损的鼻子，最好的类型的重建是轮流组织从上一部分的鼻子，以填补下一部分的鼻子或轮流组织的脸颊鼻子上的损失沿一侧鼻子。 Skin grafts on the nose almost always look bad and appear like a piece of gum stuck on the nose, which is unacceptable.皮肤移植的鼻子几乎总是看坏，似乎像一块口香糖停留在鼻子，这是不可接受的。 Dr. Lam almost never performs a skin graft on the nose for that reason.蓝田博士几乎从未执行植皮的鼻子出于这个原因。 If the nose involves extensive skin loss, then the best color and texture match is found in the forehead.如果鼻子涉及广泛的皮肤损失，那么最好的颜色和纹理找到匹配的额头。 Dr. Lam will rotate your forehead tissue to fill the defect but this forehead tissue remains attached to the forehead for 3 weeks (4 to 6 weeks if you are a smoker) until the new blood supply is attained and the attachment can be severed.蓝田博士将轮流展示您的额头组织来填补这一缺陷，但额头组织仍然重视前额3周（ 4至6周，如果你是一个抽烟） ，直到新的血液供应是实现和附件可以切断。 Even after the attachment is severed, you may require an additional touch-up revision to make the nose as perfect and as seamless as possible.即使在附件断绝，您可能会需要额外的触摸了修改，使完美的鼻子和无缝的。 To reconstruct the framework of the nose, he uses both nose and ear cartilage to recreate the structure to the nose.重建的框架内，鼻子，他用两个鼻子和耳朵软骨再造结构的鼻子。 Finally, if you have lost tissue from the inside of the nose (the pink lining inside the nose), he will borrow tissue from another part of the inside of the nose like the turbinate or septum to reline the missing inside part of the nose.最后，如果您失去了组织内部的鼻子（粉红色衬里的鼻子内） ，他将借组织的另一部分内的鼻子像鼻甲或隔以reline内失踪的一部分的鼻子。 It is critical to reconstruct all three layers of the nose when they are missing.至关重要的是重建所有这三个层次的鼻子时失踪。

Cheeks 奇克斯
Cheek reconstruction is much easier to undertake than nasal reconstruction.颊重建更容易进行比鼻再造。 First of all, the cheek does not have the complicated three-dimensional and three-layered structure of the nose.首先，面颊没有复杂的三维和三层结构的鼻子。 Further, there is usually ample surrounding tissue from the lower cheek or neck that can be recruited to fill almost any size defect, especially in an older person with more lax skin.此外，通常有充足的周围组织从较低的脸颊或颈部，可招聘，以填补几乎任何规模的缺陷，尤其是老年人更宽松的皮肤。 Finally, the cheek does not possess much functional capacity.最后，脸颊不拥有许多功能的能力。 Nevertheless, Dr. Lam is very sensitive to follow the facial subunit principle and the relaxed skin tension lines of the face (described above) to ensure that all of his incision lines are hidden along existing facial lines (the orbital rim under the eye and the nasolabial fold or smile line) so that your eye naturally has a harder time in detecting the reconstruction.然而，蓝田博士是非常敏感的后续面部亚基原则和皮肤的松弛紧张线路的脸（如上所述） ，以确保他所有的切口线沿现有的隐藏面线（眼眶下缘的眼睛和鼻唇沟或微笑线） ，这样你的眼睛自然更难检测的重建工作。 Because there is abundant adjacent tissue that can be used to reconstruct the cheek, it is always better to bring in tissue from a nearby area like another part of the cheek or neck to reconstruct the area than a skin graft for example.因为有丰富的癌旁组织，可用于重建的脸颊，它始终是更好地实现组织从附近地区出现的另一部分面颊或颈部重建面积比植皮的例子。

Lips 嘴唇
The lips can be a complicated structure to reconstruct, especially considering their functional importance in eating, talking, and breathing.嘴唇可以是一个复杂的结构重建，特别是考虑到其功能的重要性吃饭，说话，呼吸。 Small defects of the upper and lower lip can be handled through a vertical excision and primary closure without compromising the function and aesthetic look of the lips.小的缺陷上，下唇可处理通过一个垂直切除和缝合，又不损害功能和审美期待的嘴唇。 For more extensive loss of red lip and surrounding white lip tissue, there are two principle options.为更广泛的损失的红色嘴唇和周围白唇组织，有两个原则的选择。 First, tissue from the opposing lip can be used to rotate down or up to fill the other lip, which remains attached for several weeks until the new blood supply forms.首先，组织对立的嘴唇可以用来关闭或轮换行动，以填补其他嘴唇，仍然十分好几个星期，直到新的血液供应形式。 Second, the inside red part of the lip can be advanced into the defect to recreate the lost tissue of the red lip.其次，内部红色部分的嘴唇可进入缺损再造失去组织的红色嘴唇。 At times, micropigmentation or permanent makeup may be needed as a finishing touch.有时， micropigmentation或永久化妆可能需要作为画龙点睛。

Eyelids 眼睑
The eyelids are a very difficult area to reconstruct.眼睑是一个非常困难的地区重建。 Oftentimes borrowing tissue from adjacent areas like the cheek or upper eyelid skin can be used to reconstruct the eyelids, and also sometimes multiple procedures are required to achieve the optimal aesthetic and functional result.通常借款从邻近组织等领域的脸颊或上睑皮肤可用于重建眼睑，有时也和多个程序才能实现最佳的美学和功能性的结果。 At times, Dr. Lam will work with an oculoplastic surgeon in extensive facial and eyelid loss to provide you the most advanced and subspecialized care possible.有时，蓝田博士将与一个oculoplastic外科医生广泛面部和眼睑的损失，为您提供最先进和最有可能subspecialized照顾。

Chin 钦
The chin area that does not involve loss of the lip is a relatively straightforward area to reconstruct.下巴领域，不涉及损失的嘴唇是一个相对简单的地区重建。 For smaller defects, a simple primary, vertical-oriented closure can accomplish the reconstructive task.对于较小的缺陷，一个简单的小学，垂直为导向的关闭可以完成重建任务。 However, for larger areas of loss, tissue must be borrowed from the cheek or neck region to cover the defect.然而，对于大面积的损失，组织必须借用的脸颊或颈部区域覆盖的缺陷。 Again, in most instances, Dr. Lam prefers not to use skin grafting, which can be more obvious to detect.同样，在大多数情况下，蓝田博士宁愿不使用植皮，可更明显察觉。 Typically, like the cheek, the chin area can be reconstructed in one session and most likely will not require multiple stages to complete the task unless a significant part of the red lip is involved.通常情况下，如脸颊，下巴地区的重建可以在一个会议和最有可能将不需要多个阶段完成任务，除非一个重要组成部分的红嘴唇是参与。

Ears 耳朵
The ear is a complex three-dimensional structure.耳朵是一个复杂的三维结构。 One of the biggest mistakes in ear reconstruction is simply excising skin and cartilage and then closing the area.其中最大的失误，耳再造仅仅是切除皮肤和软骨，然后关闭该地区。 Doing so will lead to a cup-ear deformity in which the ear sticks out too much on one side making whatever repair look bad.这样做将导致杯状耳畸形的耳朵伸出太多一方作出任何修理得很难看。 Dr. Lam uses a technique of sliding skin over cartilage to help create a more seamless result.蓝田博士采用滑模技术皮肤的软骨，以帮助建立一个更完美的结果。 The compromise is to reduce the size of the ear slightly without distorting its orientation to the scalp.妥协是减少大小的耳朵稍不扭曲方向的头皮上。 Unlike the rest of the face, skin grafts to the ear are actually very well tolerated and preferred in many cases.不像其他的脸上，皮肤移植的耳朵实际上是非常良好的耐受性和偏好在许多情况下。 The skin graft is taken from the skin behind the opposite ear; or if a rotation flap (ie, rotating adjacent tissue to fill the defect as explained in the other sections) is planned skin behind the same ear will be borrowed.皮肤移植是从后面的皮肤相反的耳朵;或者皮瓣旋转（即旋转旁，以填补缺损的解释在其他章节）计划背后的皮肤相同的耳朵将借来的。

Scalp 头皮
If a scalp defect is small, then it can be closed simply.如果头皮缺损小，那么就可以简单地关闭。 However, if a larger area is missing, oftentimes the only way to close the defect is to use a method known as tissue expansion.但是，如果大面积丢失，经常的唯一途径密切的缺陷是使用这种方法被称为软组织扩张。 A tissue expander involves placing a plastic device under the skin and slowly filling it with water for several weeks until the skin and tissue overlying it are stretched out to the point that the skin becomes loose and can be rotated into the defect.阿涉及组织扩张器放置一个塑料装置下的皮肤，慢慢填补它与水的几个星期，直至皮肤和组织上覆它是伸出的一点，皮肤变得松散，可旋转的缺陷。

Forehead 前额
Most forehead defects can be easily closed without difficulty following the principles of good reconstruction, eg, the relaxed skin tension lines (see Mole Removal FAQs for more information).大多数额头的缺陷可以很容易地关闭后没有困难的原则，良好的重建，如皮肤松弛紧张线（见鼹鼠去除常见问题的更多信息） 。 Hiding incisions within wrinkle lines can also help make the surgical result as invisible as possible.切口隐藏在皱纹线还可以帮助使手术的结果可能看不见。

Dr. Lam carefully follows you throughout the first year after reconstruction to make sure that the result is as seamless and undetectable as possible.蓝田博士仔细如下你整个后的第一年重建，以确保其结果是无缝和不可越好。 Occasionally, with very complex repairs, he will need to do a very minor refinement procedure between 6 months to a year after the procedure.偶尔，非常复杂的维修，他将需要做一个很小的完善程序之间的6个月至一年后的程序。 However, if the line is more visible than desired at 6 weeks to 3 months, he will undertake a procedure known as mechanical dermabrasion that sands down and blends the area to make it less detectable in the patient that should require this procedure.但是，如果该线是比较明显超过预期的在6个星期至3个月，他将进行一个程序称为机械磨削的砂，并结合该地区，使其探测不到的病人，应该需要这个程序。 Further, he will follow you carefully to make sure that the area does not thicken, which he will treat with a combination of injectables to reduce any unwanted hardness or fullness in the incision or flap.此外，他将遵循您仔细，以确保该地区不勾芡，他将治疗相结合的方式注射，以减少任何不必要的硬度或丰满的切口或皮瓣。 If the area is slightly depressed, Dr. Lam can easily correct this problem with a few micro-droplets of silicone.如果该地区略有沮丧，博士林可以很容易地纠正这一问题与一些微滴硅。 If the incision line stays red for too long, Dr. Lam can use his laser to lessen the undesirable redness.如果切口线保持红色太久，蓝田博士可以使用他的激光，以减少不良发红。 If the area becomes slightly darker due to excessive sun exposure during the first 4 to 6 weeks, then he may counsel you about skin bleaching products to expedite resolution of this temporary condition.如果该地区变得稍微暗由于过度暴露于太阳在第一个4到6周，然后他的律师可能你的皮肤漂白产品，以加速解决这一临时状况。

Dr. Lam does not believe that any of these remedies work to help a scar mature well.蓝田博士并不认为上述任何补救工作，帮助了一道深深的伤疤以及成熟。 In fact, rigorous scientific studies that have involved blinded, prospective, randomized, split scar analysis (in other words, good and controlled scientific research) have indicated that these treatments provide no improvement at all in an incision or scar.事实上，严格的科学的研究，涉及到利令智昏，前瞻性，随机，分裂瘢痕分析（换句话说，良好和控制的科学研究）已表明，这些疗法没有改善提供所有的切口或疤痕。 In fact, Vitamin E oil has been shown actually to worsen wound healing in some cases.事实上，维生素E油已被证明实际上恶化的伤口愈合在某些情况下。 In the past, Dr. Lam used Vitamin E oil to help with wound healing.在过去，蓝田博士用维生素E油，以帮助伤口愈合。 However, with recent evidence to the contrary, he no longer believes that any of these topical ointments do any good to help with scar healing.然而，最近与此相反的证据，他不再相信任何这些局部药膏任何好处，以帮助疤痕愈合。

No, Dr. Lam recommends that you are followed carefully by a board-certified dermatologist or MOH's dermatologic surgeon who are experts at evaluating and managing skin cancer.不，林医生建议您仔细地遵循由董事会认证的皮肤科医生或卫生部的皮肤科医生谁是专家们在评价和管理皮肤癌。 If you should have another skin cancer arise, Dr. Lam can again work in conjunction with your dermatologist or MOH's surgeon to reconstruct the defect.如果您有其他皮肤癌的发生，蓝田博士的工作可以再次与您的皮肤科医生或卫生部的外科医生来重建缺损。